300 Wh/kg is not a laboratory scale anymore. As an example, at the IAA Munich in September 2023, CATL presented some NMC-battery (for BEV) with 186 Ah at 310Wh/kg and 760 Wh/l. Cycle Life is supposed to be >1000 cycles. CATL also presented an alternative (also for BEV) based on LFP with 126.5 Ah at 181 Wh/kg and 420 Wh/l. Cycle life ot the LFP variant is supposed to be >4000 cycles.

Lesson Summary

The lecture introduces different types of risks associated with batteries, categorizing them into thermal, electrical, chemical, and kinetic risks:

• Thermal risks are discussed, focusing on the high energy densities of lithium-ion batteries and the dangers of thermal runaway.
• Electrical risks are highlighted, especially in regards to high voltage risks in battery packs.
• Chemical hazards are explored, addressing potential risks like the release of toxic gases.
• Kinetic risks, such as explosions, are also covered.

The lecture explains processes and triggers that can lead to thermal runaway in detail, underlining the significance of understanding and preventing these risks for battery safety. Specific points discussed include:

• The thermal runaway process, with triggers like external heating, overcharging, and short circuits causing overheating and potential battery failure.
• The importance of preventing the initial trigger to avert a thermal runaway event.

Furthermore, the text examines several risks related to lithium-ion batteries, like thermal runaway, chemical risks from flammable and toxic gases, and kinetic risks of explosions. Advancements in battery technology, including high energy densities and cycle life, are discussed, with examples presented by CATL at the IAA Munich in September 2023.